The contents of your Profile may vary slightly from this list due to the installation of certain extensions. For instance, the Spellbound extension will add a file called persdict.dat, which contains your 'personal dictionary'.
Four folders:
Cache
chrome
extensions
themes
Nineteen files:
bookmarks.html
cert8.db
compatibility.ini *
components.ini *
compreg.dat *
cookies.txt
downloads.rdf
defaults.ini *
formhistory.dat
history.dat
hostperm.1
key3.db
localstore.rdf
prefs.js *
search.rdf
secmod.db
signons.txt
xpti.dat *
xul.mfl
Contents of the folders:
the contents of your browser cache
overlay and chrome information
installed extensions
installed themes
Purpose of the files:
your Bookmarks file
client certificate databases
compatibility listing
components listing
component registration listing
stored cookies
Download Manager data
defaults locations for some extensions
encrypted - Autocomplete data for forms
encrypted - URL visited history
Cookie and Image permissions
Security key database
Saves user-defined window positions
program generated file
Search engine file
Security module database
encrypted - your website logins
XPCOM typelib information catalog
XUL fastload file; caches the user interface
* = automatically generated file, do not edit
You may also have a user.js file in your Profile folder, if you created one.